Ranting??? I didn't hear no stinkin' ranting. Was that what that waaas?? Seriously Looking at the post I may have mis-phrased that, please allow this old man to slip up one time. So that means it is the load impedance reflected to the full primary by the load on the secondary? For PP that is. BTW your pre-amp sure looks nice. There is a total of 8 tubes? And those three corner screws go into a corner block? Thanks for the hand-holding; figuratively that is. That Transformer; is that a Heybeour? The OPT on the right, nice and shiny, hope mine looks like that! I like the way those coke-bottle 6L6's look BTW if you are considering the amp circuit.