I have a number of papers by Pat Snyder of Speakelab (from some years back) in which he talks about this.He showed that even though individual samples will vary somewhat due to the manufacturing process, this causes some of the T/S parameters to vary in such a way that in the end, the effects cancel out. In a given box, ported the same way, the woofers of a given model will perform very similarly even though Vas, Fs, etc may vary slightly.
He stated that what really mattered were the ratios of various T/S parameters. And even though T/S numbers varied from sample to sample, they varied in such a way that these ratios were the same.